German Modal Verbs - Learn German Grammar online

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What are Modal Verbs?

Modal verbs are helping verbs.
They explain ability, necessity, permission, desire, or advice.

In German, modal verbs are usually used with another verb.

Sentence structure:

  • The modal verb comes in position 2

  • The main verb goes to the end in infinitive form

Example:
Ich kann Deutsch lernen.
➡️ I can learn German.


The 7 German Modal Verbs

GermanEnglish Meaning
könnencan / be able to
müssenmust
wollenwant
sollenshould
dürfenmay / be allowed
mögenlike
möchtenwould like (polite)

1️⃣ können — can / to be able to

Used to talk about ability or possibility.

Examples:

  1. Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.
    I can speak German.

  2. Er kann gut kochen.
    He can cook well.

  3. Wir können heute kommen.
    We can come today.

  4. Kannst du mir helfen?
    Can you help me?

  5. Sie kann Auto fahren.
    She can drive a car.


2️⃣ müssen — must

Used for obligation or something that is necessary.

Examples:

  1. Ich muss lernen.
    I must study.

  2. Er muss arbeiten.
    He must work.

  3. Wir müssen pünktlich sein.
    We must be on time.

  4. Du musst Wasser trinken.
    You must drink water.

  5. Sie muss nach Hause gehen.
    She must go home.


3️⃣ wollen — to want

Used to express a strong wish or plan.

Examples:

  1. Ich will Deutsch lernen.
    I want to learn German.

  2. Er will ein Auto kaufen.
    He wants to buy a car.

  3. Wir wollen essen.
    We want to eat.

  4. Willst du Kaffee trinken?
    Do you want to drink coffee?

  5. Sie will heute bleiben.
    She wants to stay today.


4️⃣ sollen — should

Used for advice, instructions, or rules.

Examples:

  1. Ich soll lernen.
    I should study.

  2. Du sollst mehr schlafen.
    You should sleep more.

  3. Er soll zum Arzt gehen.
    He should go to the doctor.

  4. Wir sollen leise sein.
    We should be quiet.

  5. Sie soll früh kommen.
    She should come early.


5️⃣ dürfen — may / to be allowed to

Used to talk about permission or prohibition.

Examples:

  1. Ich darf hier sitzen.
    I may sit here.

  2. Darf ich fragen?
    May I ask?

  3. Du darfst gehen.
    You are allowed to go.

  4. Kinder dürfen nicht rauchen.
    Children may not smoke.

  5. Er darf heute frei sein.
    He is allowed to be free today.


6️⃣ mögen — to like

Used to say you like something.

Examples:

  1. Ich mag Kaffee.
    I like coffee.

  2. Sie mag Musik.
    She likes music.

  3. Wir mögen Pizza.
    We like pizza.

  4. Magst du Hunde?
    Do you like dogs?

  5. Er mag Deutsch.
    He likes German.


7️⃣ möchten — would like (polite form)

Used for polite wishes and requests. Very important in daily life!

Examples:

  1. Ich möchte einen Kaffee.
    I would like a coffee.

  2. Wir möchten Deutsch lernen.
    We would like to learn German.

  3. Sie möchte ein Brot.
    She would like a bread.

  4. Möchten Sie helfen?
    Would you like to help?

  5. Er möchte nach Hause gehen.
    He would like to go home.


⭐ Important Grammar Rule (A1)

📌 Modal verb = position 2
📌 Main verb = at the end (infinitive)

Example:
Ich muss heute arbeiten.
I must work today.

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