What are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are helping verbs.
They explain ability, necessity, permission, desire, or advice.
In German, modal verbs are usually used with another verb.
Sentence structure:
-
The modal verb comes in position 2
-
The main verb goes to the end in infinitive form
Example:
Ich kann Deutsch lernen.
➡️ I can learn German.
The 7 German Modal Verbs
| German | English Meaning |
|---|---|
| können | can / be able to |
| müssen | must |
| wollen | want |
| sollen | should |
| dürfen | may / be allowed |
| mögen | like |
| möchten | would like (polite) |
1️⃣ können — can / to be able to
Used to talk about ability or possibility.
Examples:
-
Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.
I can speak German. -
Er kann gut kochen.
He can cook well. -
Wir können heute kommen.
We can come today. -
Kannst du mir helfen?
Can you help me? -
Sie kann Auto fahren.
She can drive a car.
2️⃣ müssen — must
Used for obligation or something that is necessary.
Examples:
-
Ich muss lernen.
I must study. -
Er muss arbeiten.
He must work. -
Wir müssen pünktlich sein.
We must be on time. -
Du musst Wasser trinken.
You must drink water. -
Sie muss nach Hause gehen.
She must go home.
3️⃣ wollen — to want
Used to express a strong wish or plan.
Examples:
-
Ich will Deutsch lernen.
I want to learn German. -
Er will ein Auto kaufen.
He wants to buy a car. -
Wir wollen essen.
We want to eat. -
Willst du Kaffee trinken?
Do you want to drink coffee? -
Sie will heute bleiben.
She wants to stay today.
4️⃣ sollen — should
Used for advice, instructions, or rules.
Examples:
-
Ich soll lernen.
I should study. -
Du sollst mehr schlafen.
You should sleep more. -
Er soll zum Arzt gehen.
He should go to the doctor. -
Wir sollen leise sein.
We should be quiet. -
Sie soll früh kommen.
She should come early.
5️⃣ dürfen — may / to be allowed to
Used to talk about permission or prohibition.
Examples:
-
Ich darf hier sitzen.
I may sit here. -
Darf ich fragen?
May I ask? -
Du darfst gehen.
You are allowed to go. -
Kinder dürfen nicht rauchen.
Children may not smoke. -
Er darf heute frei sein.
He is allowed to be free today.
6️⃣ mögen — to like
Used to say you like something.
Examples:
-
Ich mag Kaffee.
I like coffee. -
Sie mag Musik.
She likes music. -
Wir mögen Pizza.
We like pizza. -
Magst du Hunde?
Do you like dogs? -
Er mag Deutsch.
He likes German.
7️⃣ möchten — would like (polite form)
Used for polite wishes and requests. Very important in daily life!
Examples:
-
Ich möchte einen Kaffee.
I would like a coffee. -
Wir möchten Deutsch lernen.
We would like to learn German. -
Sie möchte ein Brot.
She would like a bread. -
Möchten Sie helfen?
Would you like to help? -
Er möchte nach Hause gehen.
He would like to go home.
⭐ Important Grammar Rule (A1)
📌 Modal verb = position 2
📌 Main verb = at the end (infinitive)
Example:
Ich muss heute arbeiten.
I must work today.

