German Past Tense (Präteritum)
The 2nd Form of Verbs – Complete Explanation
In German, the past tense is used to talk about things that already happened.
German has two main past forms:
-
Perfekt (haben/sein + past participle) → very common in speaking
-
Präteritum (simple past / 2nd form) → common with certain verbs
👉 In this article, we focus on the Präteritum (2nd form of verbs).
What is the “2nd Form” of a Verb?
German verbs have three main forms:
| Form | Example (gehen) | English |
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive (1st) | gehen | to go |
| Past / 2nd form | ging | went |
| Past participle (3rd) | gegangen | gone |
👉 The 2nd form (Präteritum) is mainly used with:
-
sein (to be)
-
haben (to have)
-
modal verbs
-
written German (stories, reports)
Types of Verbs in the Past Tense
German verbs are divided into three types:
-
Weak verbs (regular)
-
Strong verbs (irregular)
-
Mixed verbs
1️⃣ Weak Verbs (Regular Verbs)
How do weak verbs form the past tense?
👉 ge- is NOT used
👉 Add -te to the verb stem
👉 Endings are similar to present tense
Pattern:
machen → mach + te
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | machte |
| du | machtest |
| er/sie/es | machte |
| wir | machten |
| ihr | machtet |
| sie | machten |
Examples (10):
-
Ich lernte Deutsch.
I learned German. -
Sie arbeitete gestern.
She worked yesterday. -
Wir spielten Fußball.
We played football. -
Er fragte den Lehrer.
He asked the teacher. -
Ich wohnte in Berlin.
I lived in Berlin. -
Sie öffnete die Tür.
She opened the door. -
Wir kauften ein Auto.
We bought a car. -
Er reiste nach Deutschland.
He traveled to Germany. -
Ich hörte Musik.
I listened to music. -
Sie tanzte viel.
She danced a lot.
2️⃣ Strong Verbs (Irregular Verbs)
How do strong verbs form the past tense?
👉 Vowel changes
👉 No -te ending
👉 Must be memorized
Examples of strong verbs:
-
gehen → ging
-
kommen → kam
-
sehen → sah
-
finden → fand
Examples (15):
-
Ich ging nach Hause.
I went home. -
Sie kam spät.
She came late. -
Wir sahen einen Film.
We saw a movie. -
Er fand den Schlüssel.
He found the key. -
Ich las ein Buch.
I read a book. -
Sie fuhr nach Berlin.
She drove to Berlin. -
Wir nahmen den Bus.
We took the bus. -
Er sprach Deutsch.
He spoke German. -
Ich trank Wasser.
I drank water. -
Sie schlief gut.
She slept well. -
Wir aßen Pizza.
We ate pizza. -
Er lief schnell.
He ran fast. -
Ich gab ihm das Buch.
I gave him the book. -
Sie half mir.
She helped me. -
Wir blieben zu Hause.
We stayed at home.
3️⃣ Mixed Verbs
What are mixed verbs?
👉 They have:
-
Vowel change (like strong verbs)
-
-te ending (like weak verbs)
Common mixed verbs:
-
bringen → brachte
-
denken → dachte
-
kennen → kannte
-
wissen → wusste
Examples (5):
-
Ich brachte das Geschenk.
I brought the gift. -
Sie dachte an dich.
She thought of you. -
Wir kannten ihn gut.
We knew him well. -
Er wusste die Antwort.
He knew the answer. -
Ich nannte meinen Namen.
I named my name.
4️⃣ Very Important Verbs in Past Tense
🔹 sein (to be)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | war |
| du | warst |
| er/sie/es | war |
| wir | waren |
| ihr | wart |
| sie | waren |
🔹 haben (to have)
| Person | Form |
|---|---|
| ich | hatte |
| du | hattest |
| er/sie/es | hatte |
| wir | hatten |
| ihr | hattet |
| sie | hatten |
Examples (5):
-
Ich war müde.
I was tired. -
Sie war glücklich.
She was happy. -
Wir waren zu Hause.
We were at home. -
Ich hatte Zeit.
I had time. -
Er hatte Hunger.
He was hungry.
5️⃣ Modal Verbs in the Past (Präteritum)
Modal verbs are very commonly used in the past tense.
| Infinitive | Past |
|---|---|
| können | konnte |
| müssen | musste |
| wollen | wollte |
| sollen | sollte |
| dürfen | durfte |
| mögen | mochte |
Examples (5):
-
Ich konnte nicht kommen.
I could not come. -
Sie musste arbeiten.
She had to work. -
Wir wollten essen.
We wanted to eat. -
Er durfte gehen.
He was allowed to go. -
Ich mochte den Film.
I liked the movie.
⭐ Key Rules Summary
✔ Weak verbs → -te ending
✔ Strong verbs → vowel change, no -te
✔ Mixed verbs → vowel change + -te
✔ sein, haben, modal verbs → very common in Präteritum
✔ Used mainly in written German and stories

