German Past Tense - Präteritum deutsche Grammatik | 2nd form of Verbs in German Grammar

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German Past Tense (Präteritum)

The 2nd Form of Verbs – Complete Explanation

In German, the past tense is used to talk about things that already happened.

German has two main past forms:

  1. Perfekt (haben/sein + past participle) → very common in speaking

  2. Präteritum (simple past / 2nd form) → common with certain verbs

👉 In this article, we focus on the Präteritum (2nd form of verbs).


What is the “2nd Form” of a Verb?

German verbs have three main forms:

FormExample (gehen)English
Infinitive (1st)gehento go
Past / 2nd formgingwent
Past participle (3rd)gegangengone

👉 The 2nd form (Präteritum) is mainly used with:

  • sein (to be)

  • haben (to have)

  • modal verbs

  • written German (stories, reports)


Types of Verbs in the Past Tense

German verbs are divided into three types:

  1. Weak verbs (regular)

  2. Strong verbs (irregular)

  3. Mixed verbs


1️⃣ Weak Verbs (Regular Verbs)

How do weak verbs form the past tense?

👉 ge- is NOT used
👉 Add -te to the verb stem
👉 Endings are similar to present tense

Pattern:

machen → mach + te

PersonForm
ichmachte
dumachtest
er/sie/esmachte
wirmachten
ihrmachtet
siemachten

Examples (10):

  1. Ich lernte Deutsch.
    I learned German.

  2. Sie arbeitete gestern.
    She worked yesterday.

  3. Wir spielten Fußball.
    We played football.

  4. Er fragte den Lehrer.
    He asked the teacher.

  5. Ich wohnte in Berlin.
    I lived in Berlin.

  6. Sie öffnete die Tür.
    She opened the door.

  7. Wir kauften ein Auto.
    We bought a car.

  8. Er reiste nach Deutschland.
    He traveled to Germany.

  9. Ich hörte Musik.
    I listened to music.

  10. Sie tanzte viel.
    She danced a lot.


2️⃣ Strong Verbs (Irregular Verbs)

How do strong verbs form the past tense?

👉 Vowel changes
👉 No -te ending
👉 Must be memorized

Examples of strong verbs:

  • gehen → ging

  • kommen → kam

  • sehen → sah

  • finden → fand

Examples (15):

  1. Ich ging nach Hause.
    I went home.

  2. Sie kam spät.
    She came late.

  3. Wir sahen einen Film.
    We saw a movie.

  4. Er fand den Schlüssel.
    He found the key.

  5. Ich las ein Buch.
    I read a book.

  6. Sie fuhr nach Berlin.
    She drove to Berlin.

  7. Wir nahmen den Bus.
    We took the bus.

  8. Er sprach Deutsch.
    He spoke German.

  9. Ich trank Wasser.
    I drank water.

  10. Sie schlief gut.
    She slept well.

  11. Wir aßen Pizza.
    We ate pizza.

  12. Er lief schnell.
    He ran fast.

  13. Ich gab ihm das Buch.
    I gave him the book.

  14. Sie half mir.
    She helped me.

  15. Wir blieben zu Hause.
    We stayed at home.


3️⃣ Mixed Verbs

What are mixed verbs?

👉 They have:

  • Vowel change (like strong verbs)

  • -te ending (like weak verbs)

Common mixed verbs:

  • bringen → brachte

  • denken → dachte

  • kennen → kannte

  • wissen → wusste

Examples (5):

  1. Ich brachte das Geschenk.
    I brought the gift.

  2. Sie dachte an dich.
    She thought of you.

  3. Wir kannten ihn gut.
    We knew him well.

  4. Er wusste die Antwort.
    He knew the answer.

  5. Ich nannte meinen Namen.
    I named my name.


4️⃣ Very Important Verbs in Past Tense

🔹 sein (to be)

PersonForm
ichwar
duwarst
er/sie/eswar
wirwaren
ihrwart
siewaren

🔹 haben (to have)

PersonForm
ichhatte
duhattest
er/sie/eshatte
wirhatten
ihrhattet
siehatten

Examples (5):

  1. Ich war müde.
    I was tired.

  2. Sie war glücklich.
    She was happy.

  3. Wir waren zu Hause.
    We were at home.

  4. Ich hatte Zeit.
    I had time.

  5. Er hatte Hunger.
    He was hungry.


5️⃣ Modal Verbs in the Past (Präteritum)

Modal verbs are very commonly used in the past tense.

InfinitivePast
könnenkonnte
müssenmusste
wollenwollte
sollensollte
dürfendurfte
mögenmochte

Examples (5):

  1. Ich konnte nicht kommen.
    I could not come.

  2. Sie musste arbeiten.
    She had to work.

  3. Wir wollten essen.
    We wanted to eat.

  4. Er durfte gehen.
    He was allowed to go.

  5. Ich mochte den Film.
    I liked the movie.


⭐ Key Rules Summary

✔ Weak verbs → -te ending
✔ Strong verbs → vowel change, no -te
✔ Mixed verbs → vowel change + -te
sein, haben, modal verbs → very common in Präteritum
✔ Used mainly in written German and stories

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